The phenomenon occurs when individuals who are members of a negatively stereotyped group fear confirming that stereotype, leading to impaired performance. This apprehension can manifest in academic, professional, or social situations where the stereotype is relevant. For example, if female students are reminded of the stereotype that women are not as proficient in mathematics before taking a math test, they may perform worse than male students, even if they are equally capable.
Understanding this psychological concept is vital for addressing achievement gaps and promoting equitable outcomes. Recognizing its influence allows educators and policymakers to implement strategies that mitigate its effects. Historically, research into this area has highlighted the insidious ways in which societal biases can undermine individual potential and perpetuate inequalities. By actively combating the triggers and consequences, interventions can foster environments where individuals feel safe and supported, leading to improved performance and reduced anxiety.