A program designed to evaluate the performance of laboratories or organizations against pre-established criteria through interlaboratory comparisons. This process involves the distribution of homogeneous and stable test items to multiple participants, followed by independent analysis and reporting of results. The outcomes are then statistically analyzed and compared, providing an objective assessment of accuracy and reliability. For example, a clinical laboratory might receive a sample of blood with a known glucose concentration, analyze it using their standard procedures, and submit their result. That result is then compared to the known value and the results from other labs to determine their performance.
The significance of this evaluation method lies in its ability to identify areas for improvement in testing processes, enhance confidence in generated data, and ensure adherence to quality standards. Historically, it has played a vital role in promoting standardization and harmonization of testing practices across various fields, including clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Participation can lead to accreditation, regulatory compliance, and ultimately, improved patient care or public health outcomes.
