In economics, the principle of acting in one’s own perceived best advantage is a foundational concept. This behavior assumes individuals and entities make decisions that maximize their personal utility or profit. For example, a consumer might purchase the least expensive product that meets their needs, while a firm may strive to minimize production costs to increase profitability. Both are demonstrating a pursuit of individual gain within the constraints of the market.
The significance of this behavior lies in its purported ability to drive efficiency and innovation within markets. When numerous individuals independently pursue their objectives, competition arises, which can lead to lower prices, higher quality goods and services, and a more efficient allocation of resources. Historically, this concept has been a cornerstone of classical and neoclassical economic thought, informing policies related to free trade, deregulation, and market liberalization.