A framework or set of fundamental assumptions about how the world is to be understood and researched. It encompasses accepted theories, methods, and standards for conducting scientific inquiry. For example, within the social sciences, positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory represent distinct perspectives, each dictating appropriate research questions, data collection techniques, and analytical approaches.
The explicit recognition of these foundational viewpoints is essential for rigorous scholarly work. It clarifies the lens through which a researcher interprets data, ensures consistency in methodology, and facilitates critical evaluation of findings. Historically, shifts in dominant frameworks have propelled scientific advancements, leading to new understandings and innovative practices.
