Certain powers in a federal system are possessed by both the national and state governments. These are not exclusive to either level and can be exercised independently. Examples of these shared authorities include the power to tax, establish courts, borrow money, and enforce laws. This shared authority allows for a degree of flexibility and responsiveness within the governmental framework.
This aspect of governance is vital for maintaining a balance of power and ensuring that both national and state interests are addressed. Historically, the interpretation and application of these shared responsibilities have been a source of ongoing debate and legal challenges, shaping the relationship between the different levels of government and influencing the overall distribution of authority within the nation.