The surplus of births over deaths in a population during a specified period represents population growth excluding migration. This figure is typically calculated as the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths, expressed as a rate per 1,000 population. For example, if a region experiences 20 births and 10 deaths per 1,000 residents, the rate is 10 per 1,000, or 1%.
This metric provides a fundamental understanding of demographic trends and potential future population size. A high rate can indicate improved healthcare access, higher fertility rates, or a younger population structure. Conversely, a low or negative rate may reflect aging populations, low fertility, or high mortality rates. Historically, shifts in the rate have influenced resource allocation, economic development strategies, and social policies. Tracking this allows for anticipating future needs and challenges.