The term describes a theoretical construct used in urban geography and planning to characterize the post-industrial metropolis. It posits a decentralization of urban functions away from a central business district, resulting in a fragmented, multi-nodal urban landscape. This configuration is characterized by edge cities, specialized activity nodes, and dispersed residential areas, all interconnected by transportation networks. An example would be the Los Angeles metropolitan area, where distinct commercial and residential centers exist outside of a singular, dominant downtown core.
This urban structure reflects economic shifts, technological advancements, and changing social preferences. Its study is important for understanding contemporary urban sprawl, infrastructure development, and the distribution of resources and opportunities within metropolitan regions. Historically, the progression from monocentric to polycentric urban forms has been driven by factors such as increased automobile ownership, the rise of information technology, and the decentralization of industries.