This framework analyzes spatial relationships on a global, national, or regional scale. It categorizes areas based on their level of economic development, power, and influence. Core regions are typically characterized by high levels of industrialization, advanced technology, diversified economies, and significant control over global trade and finance. Peripheral regions, in contrast, often exhibit lower levels of economic development, reliance on primary activities (such as agriculture and resource extraction), and dependence on core regions. Semi-peripheral regions occupy an intermediate position, exhibiting characteristics of both core and periphery, and often act as a buffer between the two. A historical example is the relationship between Western Europe (core) and its colonies in Africa during the colonial era (periphery).
Understanding this spatial structure is crucial for comprehending global inequalities, trade patterns, and the flow of resources and capital. It highlights how core regions often benefit from the exploitation of resources and labor in peripheral regions, contributing to uneven development. Historically, this model helps illuminate patterns of colonialism, neocolonialism, and the ongoing struggle for economic independence in developing nations. Studying its evolution offers insights into shifts in global power and the rise of new economic centers.
