Population movement within the borders of a single country is a key demographic process. It involves the relocation of individuals or groups from one area to another within a nation’s territory. This shift can occur for a multitude of reasons, such as seeking better economic opportunities, pursuing education, or retiring in a more desirable climate. For example, the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers within a country in search of employment is a demonstration of this phenomenon.
Understanding population shifts within a nation provides vital insights into economic development, social change, and resource allocation. It can reveal disparities in regional prosperity, highlight areas experiencing rapid growth or decline, and inform policy decisions related to infrastructure, housing, and public services. Historically, such population movements have been driven by industrialization, agricultural changes, and environmental factors, significantly shaping the demographic landscape of countries across the globe.