A visual representation used to solve multiplication and division problems, this mathematical tool employs a rectangular diagram partitioned into smaller sections. The dimensions of the rectangle correspond to the factors in a multiplication problem, or the divisor and quotient in a division problem. The area of each section represents a partial product or quotient, and the sum of these areas yields the final solution. For instance, to multiply 13 by 15, a rectangle is drawn and divided into four sections representing 10×10, 10×5, 3×10, and 3×5. The sum of these areas (100 + 50 + 30 + 15 = 195) is the product of 13 and 15.
This method promotes a deeper understanding of place value and the distributive property. By visually decomposing numbers into their component parts, it facilitates mental math strategies and strengthens numerical reasoning skills. Historically, this visual approach to arithmetic predates modern notation, with similar techniques appearing in various cultures to aid in calculation and problem-solving. Its continued use in mathematics education underscores its enduring value as a pedagogical tool.