In Catholic teaching, the concept refers to rendering to God and to neighbor what is due to them. It encompasses not only legal correctness but also moral righteousness and fairness in all interactions. It is a virtue that guides individuals and societies to respect the dignity and rights of every person, ensuring equitable treatment and access to resources necessary for human flourishing. For example, paying a fair wage to employees, advocating for the rights of the marginalized, and ensuring that laws are applied impartially are all manifestations of this principle in action.
The importance of this concept lies in its foundational role in building a just and harmonious society. It promotes social cohesion, reduces inequality, and upholds human dignity. Historically, the Church has championed social action rooted in its understanding, advocating for workers’ rights, poverty alleviation, and the protection of vulnerable populations. This commitment stems from the belief that every person is created in the image and likeness of God and is therefore entitled to respect and care.
