The concept encompasses the systematic enforcement of laws and the equitable application of legal principles to resolve disputes and maintain social order. This involves a network of institutions, including courts, law enforcement agencies, and correctional facilities, working in concert. For example, the adjudication of a criminal case, from investigation to sentencing, exemplifies this process in action.
A functional system ensures the protection of individual rights, promotes accountability, and fosters public trust. Historically, societies have developed various mechanisms to achieve fairness and resolve conflicts. These mechanisms have evolved significantly, reflecting changing societal values and legal philosophies. The efficiency and impartiality of this framework are crucial for a stable and just society.