The term refers to a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate, which, when ignited, produces rapidly expanding gases. This explosive compound originated in China during the Tang Dynasty. Its initial uses were primarily for entertainment purposes, such as fireworks. However, its potential for military applications soon became evident.
The significance of this composite substance lies in its transformative effect on warfare and geopolitical power. It facilitated the development of firearms and cannons, leading to a shift away from traditional forms of combat that relied on manpower and close-quarters weaponry. Societies that mastered its production and deployment gained a distinct advantage, influencing patterns of conquest, trade, and empire-building globally. This technological edge reshaped political landscapes and spurred innovation in weapon design across continents.