The term refers to a designated, ideal size. This value is often used for specifying a dimension on engineering drawings, serving as a reference point for manufacturing and inspection processes. As an example, a shaft specified with a diameter of 25 mm is considered to have a designated size of 25 mm, even though its actual manufactured size will have an allowable tolerance.
This concept provides a convenient way to communicate design intent and control variation in manufactured parts. By establishing a baseline, designers and manufacturers can ensure interchangeability, minimize assembly issues, and optimize overall product performance. Historically, its application has enabled mass production and standardization across industries.