In political science, this concept describes divisions within society that cross demographic lines, such as those based on race, religion, or economic status. These cleavages produce groups that are heterogeneous, composed of individuals with differing characteristics and opinions on various issues. As an example, while income might typically separate people into distinct economic classes, religious affiliation can create common ground between individuals of different socioeconomic backgrounds, thus mitigating the potential for intense class conflict.
The presence of these overlapping societal divisions tends to promote political stability and moderate political discourse. When groups are internally diverse, individuals are less likely to perceive political issues solely through the lens of a single identity. This encourages compromise and coalition-building across various groups, preventing the formation of rigid, uncompromising political factions. Historically, societies with numerous, well-established and these types of divisions have demonstrated a greater capacity to manage internal conflicts through negotiation and consensus.
