definition

8+ Key Construction Change Directive Definition Terms

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construction change directive definition

8+ Key Construction Change Directive Definition Terms

A formal instruction issued by the project owner or the owner’s representative directing the contractor to proceed with a change to the scope of work before the parties have reached complete agreement on the adjustment to the contract price or schedule. It essentially authorizes the contractor to begin working on the changed condition immediately, while negotiations continue to finalize the full impact of the change. For example, if unforeseen subsurface conditions necessitate a redesign of the foundation, this instruction allows the contractor to start the revised foundation work without waiting for a fully executed change order.

The primary benefit of this mechanism lies in maintaining project momentum. By allowing work to continue on the changed portion, it prevents delays to the overall project completion. It provides a framework for managing unforeseen circumstances and scope adjustments efficiently. Historically, this approach emerged as a response to the inefficiencies caused by lengthy negotiation periods, ensuring that critical construction activities were not unnecessarily stalled.

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Treaties: Treaty of Kanagawa APUSH Definition & Impact

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treaty of kanagawa apush definition

Treaties: Treaty of Kanagawa APUSH Definition & Impact

This agreement, a significant event in mid-19th century diplomacy, was the first treaty between the United States and Japan. It effectively ended Japan’s long-standing policy of national seclusion, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American vessels for trade and provisioning. It also guaranteed the safety of shipwrecked American sailors and established a U.S. consulate in Japan. As a foundational topic in Advanced Placement United States History curricula, understanding its terms and ramifications is crucial for students.

The accord’s importance lies in its catalyst role in Japanese modernization and the subsequent shift in power dynamics within East Asia. It provided the U.S. with access to vital resources and strategic locations, fueling American expansionism and economic growth. For Japan, it was a moment of enforced engagement with the West, leading to internal political upheaval, the Meiji Restoration, and a rapid adoption of Western technologies and institutions. This accelerated development propelled Japan onto the world stage as a major power.

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What is Negligence Per Se? (Legal Definition)

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negligence per se definition

What is Negligence Per Se? (Legal Definition)

A legal concept establishing a breach of duty occurs when an individual violates a statute or ordinance designed to protect the public, and that violation proximately causes injury to another. This essentially means that the act of violating the law itself serves as proof of negligent conduct. For example, if a driver runs a red light (a violation of traffic law) and subsequently collides with another vehicle, causing injury, the driver’s act of running the red light can be considered as demonstrating negligence.

The significance of this principle lies in simplifying the process of proving negligence in certain cases. It eliminates the need to separately demonstrate that the defendant owed a duty of care and breached that duty, because the violation of the statute itself establishes these elements. Historically, this doctrine arose to streamline litigation where a clear legislative standard of care existed, ensuring that individuals adhering to the law would be protected, and those violating it would be held accountable. It provides a more direct path to establishing liability in situations where the law clearly defines acceptable conduct.

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7+ AP World: Aztecs – Simple Definition & Key Facts

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aztecs ap world history simple definition

7+ AP World: Aztecs - Simple Definition & Key Facts

The term refers to a civilization that flourished in central Mexico between the 14th and 16th centuries. This powerful pre-Columbian society was characterized by its sophisticated agricultural practices, complex social hierarchy, intricate religious beliefs including human sacrifice, and impressive architectural achievements such as the city of Tenochtitlan. Example: The Triple Alliance, formed by Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan, propelled this group to regional dominance.

Understanding this civilization is vital for comprehending the broader historical narratives of the Americas before European contact. Its study provides insights into state formation, economic systems, cultural development, and the impact of empires on diverse populations. Further, an examination reveals the dynamics of interactions between different societies and the consequences of conquest and cultural exchange in the pre-modern world.

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APUSH: Compromise Tariff of 1833 Definition + Key Facts

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compromise tariff of 1833 apush definition

APUSH: Compromise Tariff of 1833 Definition + Key Facts

The Compromise Tariff of 1833 was a United States federal law enacted during the Nullification Crisis. It served to gradually reduce tariff rates following strong objections from Southern states, particularly South Carolina, which threatened to secede from the Union over the high tariffs established in earlier legislation.

This legislative measure alleviated tensions between the North and South by scaling back the protective tariffs that favored Northern manufacturing interests at the expense of the Southern agricultural economy. Its significance lies in its temporary resolution of the tariff dispute, delaying a more decisive confrontation over states’ rights and economic policy that would eventually erupt in the Civil War. The compromise offered a pathway to de-escalate a volatile political situation that threatened the stability of the nation.

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8+ Situational Attribution: AP Psychology Definition & Examples

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situational attribution ap psychology definition

8+ Situational Attribution: AP Psychology Definition & Examples

The process of explaining behavior by attributing it to external circumstances, influences, or environmental factors is a key concept within social psychology. This type of explanation contrasts with dispositional explanations, which emphasize internal characteristics, such as personality traits or abilities. For example, explaining why someone tripped and fell by noting the uneven pavement, rather than assuming clumsiness, is an instance of this explanatory framework.

Understanding how individuals make these causal inferences is crucial for interpreting social interactions and predicting future behaviors. It highlights the significant role external conditions can play in shaping actions and outcomes. This approach can foster empathy by recognizing that behavior is often influenced by context rather than solely by inherent traits. Historically, research has demonstrated that individuals tend to underemphasize the power of external factors when explaining the behavior of others, a phenomenon known as the fundamental attribution error.

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6+ Best: Anxiety Definition Example +Tips

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an example of an operational definition for anxiety is a:

6+ Best: Anxiety Definition Example +Tips

An operational definition translates an abstract concept into measurable terms. In the context of unease and worry, this involves specifying how that unease and worry will be assessed. One possibility is: the subject’s score on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). This instrument, a self-report questionnaire, quantifies the severity of anxiety symptoms based on the respondent’s answers to specific questions about their experiences in the past week. The BAI score, then, provides a concrete, numerical representation of the construct.

The value of this lies in its facilitation of clear communication and replicable research. By defining anxiety through a standardized measure like the BAI, researchers ensure that others understand precisely how the construct was evaluated in a particular study. This promotes comparability across studies and strengthens the validity of findings. Historically, the challenge in studying subjective experiences like worry stemmed from the lack of standardized, objective measurement tools. Operational definitions address this challenge by providing a bridge between theoretical concepts and empirical observation.

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APUSH: Henry Kissinger Definition + Key Facts

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henry kissinger apush definition

APUSH: Henry Kissinger Definition + Key Facts

The term refers to the definition of a prominent figure in 20th-century American foreign policy, specifically tailored for use in Advanced Placement United States History courses. This encompasses understanding his role as National Security Advisor and Secretary of State under Presidents Nixon and Ford, and his significant contributions to Cold War diplomacy. A common example includes his involvement in the opening of relations with China and his role in negotiating the end of the Vietnam War.

Grasping the historical context and impact of his actions is crucial for students. Understanding his policies allows for a deeper comprehension of the complexities of U.S. foreign relations during a critical period. Examining his approach facilitates analysis of detente with the Soviet Union and the multifaceted implications of American involvement in Southeast Asia. The subject matter benefits students by fostering critical thinking skills and a nuanced understanding of historical events.

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9+ Waving the Bloody Shirt APUSH Definition: Explained!

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waving the bloody shirt apush definition

9+ Waving the Bloody Shirt APUSH Definition: Explained!

This phrase refers to a post-Civil War political tactic used by Republicans to associate Democrats with secession and treason. It invoked the deaths and casualties of the war to stir up patriotic emotions and maintain Republican power. The term originated from an alleged incident where a Congressman displayed a bloodstained shirt purportedly belonging to a carpetbagger who had been flogged by the Ku Klux Klan. This symbolic act was meant to remind voters of the sacrifices made to preserve the Union and the perceived disloyalty of the Democratic party.

The political strategy served as a potent tool for Republicans. By linking the Democratic Party to the Confederacy, Republicans effectively deflected attention from economic issues and corruption scandals plaguing the Grant administration. The appeal to emotional patriotism allowed Republicans to solidify their base in the North and maintain control of the presidency and Congress for a significant period following Reconstruction. Its impact was particularly strong in presidential elections, reminding voters of the recent conflict and the Republican Party’s role in securing victory.

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7+ Overcoming Physical Barriers of Communication: Definition & Tips

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physical barriers of communication definition

7+ Overcoming Physical Barriers of Communication: Definition & Tips

Communication effectiveness can be significantly impeded by tangible and environmental obstructions. These hindrances encompass noise levels, geographical distance, infrastructural issues, and technological limitations that make it difficult to transmit or receive messages accurately. For instance, a construction site’s loud machinery can overwhelm a person’s ability to hear a colleague, or a weak cellular signal may disrupt a phone conversation.

The mitigation of these obstacles is critical for fostering productive workplaces, maintaining strong interpersonal relationships, and ensuring clear and efficient information dissemination. Historically, the development of technologies like telephones and the internet represented significant efforts to overcome spatial and temporal limitations. Addressing these constraints improves accessibility, minimizes misunderstandings, and facilitates timely responses, all of which contribute to enhanced productivity and stronger connections.

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