In economics, the term designates an individual or a household that utilizes goods and services to satisfy needs and wants. This utilization typically involves purchasing these offerings from producers or service providers within a market. For instance, a person buying groceries, subscribing to a streaming service, or receiving medical treatment are all considered instances of economic actors participating in consumption.
Understanding the role of individuals or households that acquire goods and services is fundamental to economic analysis. Their aggregated demand directly influences production levels, pricing strategies, and overall market equilibrium. Historically, the study of these economic participants has evolved from focusing solely on basic necessities to encompassing a wide range of discretionary expenditures, reflecting changes in societal priorities and technological advancements.