The term encompasses enterprises involved in the production of goods, materials, and services utilized by other businesses, governments, or organizations. These entities typically focus on the supply chain rather than direct consumer sales. Activities can range from manufacturing heavy equipment and raw materials to providing specialized logistics and technical support services.
Such economic activity is foundational to broader economic development. It fuels innovation through research and development, generates employment across various skill levels, and contributes significantly to national and international trade. Historically, its growth has been a key driver of urbanization and technological advancement, transforming societies and creating new possibilities for progress.