A significant agrarian movement in the late 19th-century United States, it refers to a network of agricultural organizations that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers, especially in the South and Midwest. These groups arose in response to the hardships created by falling crop prices, high transportation costs, and burdensome debt. One prominent example was the Southern Alliance, which aimed to unite farmers across racial lines, though this effort was ultimately unsuccessful due to persistent racial tensions.
The historical importance stems from its role as a precursor to the Populist Party. It provided a platform for farmers to voice their grievances and advocate for reforms such as the regulation of railroads, the implementation of a graduated income tax, and the free coinage of silver. The collective action fostered by the movement empowered farmers and challenged the dominance of established political and economic interests, shaping the political landscape of the era.
