The fundamental characteristics traditionally used to describe the authentic Christian Church are generally understood as unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolicity. These attributes, often referred to collectively, provide a framework for understanding the Church’s identity and mission as established by Jesus Christ. They serve as a set of ideals toward which the Church strives and a means of discerning its genuine expression across diverse contexts.
These distinguishing qualities are significant because they highlight the Church’s divine origin and purpose. Unity reflects the desire for concord among believers and denominations. Holiness emphasizes the pursuit of moral purity and adherence to God’s will. Catholicity points to the universality of the Church, embracing all people and places. Apostolicity indicates the Church’s unbroken connection to the original apostles of Jesus Christ through doctrine and tradition. Their historical development can be traced through early Christian writings and creeds, shaping theological discourse and ecclesiological understanding for centuries.