A structural member spanning an opening in a wall or floor is designed to carry loads from above. It redirects the weight around the opening, preventing the load from collapsing the space. Commonly found above doors and windows, it is typically constructed of wood or steel, selected based on the load it must bear and the structural requirements of the building. For instance, in residential construction, dimensional lumber is often used, while in commercial buildings, steel beams may be necessary.
The use of these members is essential for maintaining structural integrity and preventing failures in building frameworks. Historically, arches and lintels served this purpose, but modern construction increasingly relies on engineered solutions for greater strength and predictability. Their proper installation significantly contributes to the long-term stability and safety of any structure. Benefits include distributing weight evenly, preventing sagging or collapse, and allowing for desired architectural openings.